अथ तत्पूर्वकं त्रिविधमनुमानं पूर्ववच्छेषवत्सामान्यतोदृष्टं च॥
atha tat-pūrvakaṃ trividham-anumānaṃ pūrvavac-cheṣavat-sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ ca.
Inference is preceded by perception. It is of three kinds: pūrvavat (from cause to effect), śeṣavat (from effect to cause), and sāmānyatodṛṣṭा (based on structural uniformity).
Logical guessing or intuition is completely disconnected from real sensory evidence.
Inference is a mathematical computation layered completely on top of highly accurate past perception records.
COGNITIVE PHILOSOPHY RUNTIME
Algorithmic forecasting is only as good as historical logging. To infer a future state, you must process existing empirical trace vectors.
HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ANALYSIS
Gautama sets up the rules for Anumāna (Logical Deduction). He explicitly notes that you cannot infer something unless you have a baseline of physical perception first. He splits it into three logical loops: predicting rain because of dark clouds (Pūrvavat), knowing it rained because the river is muddy (Śeṣavat), and inferring a star moved because it changed positions over time (Sāmānyatodṛṣṭa).
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