समानानेकधर्माध्यवसायादन्यतरधर्माध्यवसायाद्वा न संशयः॥
samāna-aneka-dharmādhvavasāyād-anyatara-dharmādhyavasāyādvā na saṃśayaḥ.
An objector claims: Doubt cannot arise either from the cognition of common properties, or from the cognition of properties characterizing both, or from conflicting testimonies.
Nyāya scholars only wrote down things they agreed with, ignoring alternative perspectives.
Nyāya texts always start by giving the opponent the strongest possible argument before systematically dismantling it.
COGNITIVE PHILOSOPHY RUNTIME
Stress-testing the exception handler. An adversarial unit tries to prove that the system's error-catching node (Doubt) is structurally invalid and cannot compile.
HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ANALYSIS
This verse initializes the Purvapakṣa (adversarial attack) for Chapter 2. An opponent tries to crash the Nyāya system by arguing that 'Doubt' is logically impossible. They claim that if you recognize properties clearly, you have knowledge, and if you don't, you have ignorance—but you can never have a wavering middle state like Doubt.
[ SYSTEM VERIFIED ]
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[ DELUSION REMOVED ]
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[ LOGIC OVERRIDE ]